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ICAST Summit Focuses on Shark Depredation, Offshore Wind
During the annual sportfishing trade show, TRCP moderated two panels to inform attendees about high-profile saltwater fisheries conservation issues
TRCP hosts a conservation summit every year at ICAST, the world’s largest sportfishing trade show, which is offered by the American Sportfishing Association. At last week’s 2024 summit in Orlando, Fla., we were once again fortunate to offer panels of industry experts and benefit from high attendance. This year, the two panels covered issues of top concern to saltwater anglers: an increase in shark depredation and the expansion of offshore wind farms. Below are highlights of each panel.
The Effects of Shark Depredation on Recreational Fisheries
Over the last several years, saltwater anglers have observed an increase in shark numbers and are reporting losing more sportfish to these predators than they had in the past. This shark depredation, which may occur prior to landing or just after release, causes damage to or total loss of targeted fish, bait, and tackle. The problem is prevalent throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast, with shark species like bull and sandbar sharks, the two leading species involved in depredation, taking sportfish like snapper, grouper, tuna, and mackerel and even gamefish like tarpon and billfish.
A concern of panelists was that anglers could learn to resent sharks if depredation is not addressed.
“We went from several years of not having any issues with sharks, to increases where we have an encounter here or there, to encounters every day, to aggressive encounters,” said panelist Jeffrey Liederman, an offshore fisherman and tackle specialist in southeast Florida.
A major theme that arose with the panel was the irony that decades of highly successful shark conservation efforts have resulted in more sharks in our oceans – which is one reason for more conflict with anglers today. Other reasons may include more anglers on the water, the commercial fishing industry not meeting its harvest quotas, and learned behavior of sharks that takes advantage of various angling methods. The panel recognized the growing popularity of sharks in our society as well as fishery managers’ concerns that anglers could learn to resent them if depredation is not addressed.
“The more depredation occurs, the more anglers develop a negative attitude toward sharks,” said Vice President of Government Affairs Mike Leonard, American Sportfishing Association. “I worry that we’re creating this large block of people who should be supporting marine conservation being against sharks.”
Other panelists offering key insights into this issue were Randy Blankinship, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Jessica McCawley, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
Because shark depredation has become one of the top concerns of both recreational and commercial fishers, earlier this year bipartisan legislation to help mitigate this potential threat to fisheries, related economies, and human safety passed in the House of Representatives by unanimous vote. The SHARKED Act (short for Supporting the Health of Aquatic systems through Research, Knowledge and Enhanced Dialogue Act), establishes requirements to address shark depredation with a focus on creating a task force made up of fisheries managers and shark experts.
Offshore Energy Development
Offshore wind farms are already becoming a part of the future of energy production in the United States, with more on the way. The federal government is ambitiously aiming to have enough offshore wind facilities in place to power 10 million homes by 2030, a target that may be unlikely but gives a clear indication that more structures are coming to America’s offshore waters.
Currently, nearly 200 offshore wind farms are planned, though only three – in Block Island Sound off Rhode Island – are currently operating. Additional farms have been approved or are expected in the Atlantic in the next decade or more. Wind lease sales also have commenced in the Gulf of Mexico and California is preparing for development as well. Besides the benefit of providing sustainable energy, the resulting wind farms could have both positive and negative impacts for anglers and coastal communities.
“I love to look at the Atlantic Ocean because there aren’t offshore structures there, but I love to fish in the Gulf because there are structures there,” said TRCP Director of Marine Fisheries Chris Macaluso.
Panelists discussed how fisheries managers need to ensure that the recreational fishing community is better engaged as wind farms are planned and built.
A theme that emerged during the panel discussion, as well as from audience comments, was that fisheries managers need to make sure that the recreational fishing community is better engaged as wind farms continue to be planned and built. Another was that we must find a balance between the need for sustainable energy and the desires of different stakeholders, including anglers, and that while offshore energy platforms often enhance fishing opportunities, much is unknown about how installing thousands of turbines could negatively affect marine habitat and fish behavior. All of these concerns were voiced by ASA Atlantic Fisheries Policy Director Mike Waine.
“The key is finding a coexistence to offshore energy and fishing,” agreed John Walter, NOAA deputy director for science and council services.
Anglers and recreational fishing, conservation, and advocacy organizations are trying to ensure that wind development does not have adverse impacts on fisheries populations, migration patterns, sensitive water-bottom habitats, and access to fishing opportunities. TRCP, ASA, and other conservation groups have been working to advance legislation called the RISEE Act (Reinvesting in America’s Shoreline Economies and Ecosystems), which would share a portion of all offshore wind royalties with hosting states.
“We’re trying to sort this out and make sure we’re doing it the right way,” said Anderson Tran, legislative counsel for Rep. Garret Graves (R-LA).
Thanks to Our Sponsors and Presenters
We want to extend our appreciation to the panelists and attendees of the 2023 summit. We also want to thank this year’s sponsors, without whom the summit wouldn’t have been possible:
- NOAA Fisheries
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission
- American Sportfishing Association
Banner photo credit: Trey Spearman, courtesy of the MSU Marine Fisheries Ecology Program
Learn more about nature-based solutions to climate change through habitat conservation.
The TRCP is your resource for all things conservation. In our weekly Roosevelt Report, you’ll receive the latest news on emerging habitat threats, legislation and proposals on the move, public land and waters access solutions we’re spearheading, and opportunities for hunters and anglers to take action. Sign up now.
Nevada Volunteer Project Brings Water to Desert Bighorns
NV Energy, Nevada Department of Wildlife staff, Nevada Bighorns Unlimited, the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, and conservation-minded volunteers constructed a water guzzler for desert bighorn sheep and other big game
To most, the rocky, arid country of western Nevada doesn’t look like it could support more than quail and lizards. When surveying the wide expanses baking in the sun, it seems that the limited moisture available is pulled immediately to the sky, never giving creatures a chance to sip a drink. But the animals of the desert know how to endure. Iconic big game species such as mule deer, pronghorn, and desert bighorn sheep still eke out a living in the increasingly drier regions. Thankfully, there are good people, organizations, and companies who are here to offer a helping hand.
This past spring, employees of NV Energy recently joined Nevada Department of Wildlife staff, Nevada Bighorns Unlimited, the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, and other conservation-minded volunteers to construct a new guzzler in Churchill County for desert bighorn sheep.
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Water is the limiting factor for wildlife in much of Nevada, and guzzlers have become a critical habitat improvement in arid climates. Guzzlers are human-made rain or snow collection systems that store water in a reservoir for wildlife to drink during drought. Many have been funded and built in the same way as this Churchill County project – through volunteers and donations.
Watch the video below to see the construction of this year’s water guzzler.
Each year for the last three decades, NBU members coordinate with NDOW to build guzzlers or other infrastructure for wildlife during the cooler spring months. Ahead of project weekends, materials are secured and supplies are replenished to fully stock the tool and supply trailer before each project. Often, other sportsmen’s groups such as Fallon NBU, Midas NBU, Elko Bighorns, and others contribute funding and volunteers. These groups use funds raised at their annual banquets to pay for supplies, materials, equipment rental, and volunteer meals for the day.
This past year, NV Energy Foundation, as part of a grant awarded to TRCP for conservation work in Nevada, funded a portion of the cost of dinner for the crowd, and several NV Energy employees and their families participated in the volunteer day. As luck would have it, this project was also designated as a “Kids Guzzler Day” where youth could come and take part in educational sessions led by NDOW’s Conservation Education staff.
“I have been involved in wildlife conservation efforts in the past, but this was my first time helping on a guzzler build,” said Tony Gildone, NV Energy director of electric delivery operations, Northeast Region. “NBU has it down to a science. The whole effort was an amazing, well-oiled machine! I was also impressed with NDOW’s efforts to include the kids and provide a unique and wonderful educational opportunity for them. My son had a blast, and we will definitely be looking for opportunities to participate in the future.”
The day of the guzzler build saw an incredible turn out of nearly 250 volunteers. After a welcome and a safety talk from the NBU board, everyone headed out to the project. Thanks to the NDOW crews who were out days prior clearing roads and preparing the site with tanks totaling 20,000 gallons of storage and the self levelling drinker, the volunteers were able to step right in and complete the project by mid-afternoon.
“Guzzlers are the most personally satisfying conservation projects to complete,” said Carl Erquiaga, TRCP Nevada field representative and 37-year Fallon NBU director. “It’s amazing to think when you show up that day, there are stacks of various building materials on the ground. When you leave that afternoon, a guzzler is ready for rain and bighorn sheep or other wildlife.”
When the work was complete, most of the workers returned to camp to relax and reflect on the day before enjoying the dinner provided by NBU and NV Energy Foundation. There was also a small raffle held for the kids that were present.
NDOW’s water development program, with an annual budget of over $1.43 million, is 100% funded by these organizations’ donations, and the work is made possible by the hundreds of volunteers who offer time and labor to complete these projects. This funding is bolstered by the matched federal dollars through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, popularly known as the Pittman–Robertson Act, that was approved by Congress in 1937. The act provides funding for the selection, restoration, and improvement of wildlife habitat and for wildlife management research.
“I have been to many NBU dinners, but this is the first guzzler build I have participated in,” said Matt Gingerich, director of land resources at NV Energy. “It was awesome to see the money raised at those events in action. I especially liked the inclusion of the kids. I look forward to being part of another one.”
Photo Credit: Jason Salisbury
The TRCP is your resource for all things conservation. In our weekly Roosevelt Report, you’ll receive the latest news on emerging habitat threats, legislation and proposals on the move, public land access solutions we’re spearheading, and opportunities for hunters and anglers to take action. Sign up now.
Hunting, Fishing, and Conservation Organizations Applaud BLM’s Decision to Align Big Game Management with the State of Colorado
Final plan creates consistency between federal and state jurisdictions for oil and gas development within high priority big game habitat, sets the table to reduce impacts from renewable energy and recreation development
Today, the Colorado Bureau of Land Management published its Proposed Final Resource Management Plan Amendment for Big Game Habitat Conservation that aligns oil and gas management with State of Colorado big game conservation policies. Colorado BLM manages 8.3 million acres of land for multiple uses, such as oil and gas development, renewable energy development, ranching, and recreation opportunities such as hunting, fishing, camping, rafting, and hiking. A significant portion of these lands – approximately 6.3 million acres– is also high priority habitat for Colorado’s elk, mule deer, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep populations.
“Consistency between federal and state oil and gas regulators is good business, and it’s good policy,” said Madeleine West, director of the Center for Public Lands with the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership. “The BLM’s programmatic approach to state-wide planning has proved an efficient and effective way to align with state regulation to conserve Colorado’s iconic big game species and other wildlife. The BLM is on the right track with this plan, and we encourage them to similarly consider conservation of big game in their future management decisions beyond oil and gas.”
“As ungulate herds face daunting challenges from an array of uses on Colorado’s public lands, it is vital that BLM take these additional management actions to address oil and gas siting and development and lessen the pace of fragmentation to crucial habitats,” said Suzanne O’Neill, Executive Director of the Colorado Wildlife Federation.
“Providing safeguards for crucial big game habitat by creating continuity and clarity between how the state of Colorado and the BLM manage these areas makes sense on numerous levels,” said Aaron Kindle, director of sporting advocacy at the National Wildlife Federation. “It is a welcome outcome that took years of hard work by sporting conservation partners and the agencies. We look forward to seeing improved outcomes for big game herds in Colorado.”
The State of Colorado has prioritized intact habitat and migration corridor conservation for many years, including through Governor Polis’s Executive Order D 2019 011 “Conserving Colorado’s Big Game Winter Range and Migration Corridors” and through promulgation of new guidelines at the Colorado Energy and Carbon Management Commission in 2020. The ECMC protocols established clearer expectations for development of oil and gas resources in the most sensitive wildlife habitats in Colorado.
The proposed final plan would amend management plans for 12 field offices to set a density limitation for greater than one active oil and gas location per square mile in big game high priority habitat and would require operators to develop and implement mitigation plans to minimize and offset direct, indirect, and cumulative adverse impacts. Through this plan, Colorado BLM is taking an important step to safeguard sensitive habitats critical to the long-term success of big game species, as well as other wildlife that utilize those habitats.
Prior to completion of this planning effort, companies that sought to develop oil and gas resources on federal land in Colorado had to follow federal leasing and permitting processes that could differ from one BLM-managed area to the next and from state permitting requirements administered by the ECMC.
This planning effort is now a model for how the BLM, and other land managers, can efficiently update plans and policies to facilitate responsible management of multiple uses on our public lands that conserve important fish and wildlife resources. The BLM is currently updating the 2012 Western Solar Plan to accommodate new science and technological advances across 11 Western states, including Colorado. Hunter, angler, and conservation organizations have called on the BLM to take a similar approach to ensure development impacts do not occur in the most sensitive big game habitat. The BLM’s proposed final Western Solar Plan revision is expected to be published this summer.
Similarly, the BLM is grappling with increased demand for recreation opportunities on the lands they manage. A 2020 report from Colorado Parks and Wildlife listed poorly-sited recreation infrastructure, such as trails for hiking and biking, as having the potential to fragment important big game habitats if not managed properly. In 2022, the TRCP released an analysis showing that 40% of Colorado’s most sensitive elk habitat is already impacted by recreational trails. Colorado’s Guide to Planning Trails with Wildlife in Mind offers science-based recommendations for advancing recreational trail opportunities while maintaining viable wildlife habitat. The BLM has the opportunity to implement these State recommendations to reduce impacts to big game from new recreation infrastructure. Just last month, the U.S. Forest Service applied many of these management principles across 823,000 acres in the final Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests Plan.
Today’s announcement opens a 30-day protest period prior to the BLM signing a Record of Decision to finalize the plan.
Photo Credit: Larry Lamsa
The TRCP is your resource for all things conservation. In our weekly Roosevelt Report, you’ll receive the latest news on emerging habitat threats, legislation and proposals on the move, public land access solutions we’re spearheading, and opportunities for hunters and anglers to take action. Sign up now.
In The Arena: Wade Fellin
TRCP’s “In The Arena” series highlights the individual voices of hunters and anglers who, as Theodore Roosevelt so famously said, strive valiantly in the worthy cause of conservation.
Wade Fellin
Hometown: Wise River, Montana
Occupation: Big Hole Lodge Co-Owner/Guide/Outfitter, Photographer
Conservation credentials: Wade Fellin is an established guide, outfitter, and cold-water fisheries advocate. As a founding member of Save Wild Trout, Fellin works with a coalition of anglers, river advocates, citizens, and businesses to protect wild trout for the benefit of all by developing science-based solutions aimed at protecting cold-water fisheries for future generations.
A native Montanan, Wade Fellin has spent his life exploring, guiding, and stewarding the wild, trout-rich rivers of Montana’s Big Hole Valley. Concerned about the declining health of Montana’s wild trout fisheries due to climate change and other factors, Fellin has worked with Save Wild Trout to address the urgent need for conservation actions to preserve these vital natural resources and to coalesce a community around the shared values of clean water and vibrant, healthy rivers.
Here is his story.
My father joined the Marine Corps and went to Vietnam, and when he got back, he moved to Missoula, Montana in 1974. He worked as a security guard at the airport and on his lunch breaks, he hung out at the Streamside Angler, then owned by Frank Johnson and Rich Anderson. They gave him all the advice he needed to hone his skills as a fly fisher and he fished between shifts in a white shirt, tie, and black slacks on these rivers.
He headed to Aspen, Colorado in 1978 and guided for Chuck Fothergill. While in Aspen, Dad met my mom, a Bozeman native whose family helped found Wisdom, Montana on the upper Big Hole, and they decided to start a fly-fishing lodge. In 1983, with Fothergil’s blessing, they headed north through Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana searching for their perfect spot and founded their business on the banks of the Wise River, just up from the Big Hole River. Back then the caddis hatches looked like snowstorms. The salmon fly hatches were so thick cars would slide driving through the canyon. At that time, there were very few people on the water.
I came along in the summer of ’88, the year of the Yellowstone fire. Mom and Dad strapped my bassinet to their 14’ Avon raft and fishing was just part of life. I spent my childhood exploring the Wise River with a fly rod and my teens rowing the Big Hole and surrounding rivers. Now, with 18 years of guiding under my belt, I’m partnered with my father in a business he has spent 40 years nurturing. But now, the future of Montana’s wild trout fisheries is uncertain, and the rivers need all the help they can get.
My most memorable outdoor adventure served to fuel my drive to help ensure that Montana’s natural resources are here for future generations to enjoy. About six years ago, I met a friend at Bridger Bowl after a big snowstorm. We hiked to the ridge from the top of the chairlift and traversed out to a run we’d skied since we were kids. He dropped in first, into the couloir, under the cliffs, and out of sight. I dropped in and turned hard at the end of the chute to slide out over a fresh run. Unseasonably warm weather the week before opened the snowpack to a ground spring, or a melt-out, below the cliff invisible under two feet of new snow. I hit the outer wall of the crevasse hard and fell backward, upside-down and snow collapsed in with me. Everything was dark and I couldn’t breathe. For the first time in my life, I considered that I had lived my entire life. Then adrenaline and sheer will took over and I inched my way to a clear airway. To that point I’d taken my life in the outdoors for granted, as if it’d always be there. And naively, that I’d be here for a long time. So as long as I am here, I’m going to do what I can to make sure the rich outdoors heritage of Montana is here too.
The Big Hole Valley and the Big Hole River holds an important place in my heart having spent most of my life fishing and hunting this valley. As Edward Abbey said, “it’s not enough to protect the land, you must also enjoy it.”
Without conservation, none of us will have the opportunity to enjoy the outdoors the way we do now. You don’t have to look far to find an organization working toward a healthy outdoors future and it really doesn’t matter which one you join – they all need your help, and we all need their work.
Climate change exacerbates everything affecting our fisheries. It was encouraging to hear Gov. Gianforte and Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks identify warmer water temperatures combined with low flows as the primary drivers behind the southwest Montana trout declines. Adding elevated levels of nutrient pollution to those conditions becomes a deadly mix of aquatic life and wild trout. We must come together to address this shared challenge. The decline of wild trout in southwest Montana’s cold-water fisheries isn’t something new. We’ve been tracking the downward trend with Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, and our partners at the Big Hole River Foundation, and we have been raising concerns for over half a decade. It’s just that now we’ve hit a make-or-break point with population numbers at, or near, historic lows with the prospect of the fishery making a recovery now in our hands. I still have hope that after this winter’s already record-breaking warmth and low snowpack, we can put down our differences to coalesce around our shared values of clean water and vibrant, healthy rivers. There is more that unites us than divides us, so let’s acknowledge our shared challenge and get to work protecting the resources that provide for our way of life and livelihoods.
This isn’t about me, the lodge, or fly fishing, for that matter. This is about us, our communities, and what they will look like next year, the year after that, and for future generations. We like to say Montana is “Next-Year-Country,” and I’d argue, particularly in southwest Montana, we are snowpack country. Snowpack sustains our limited clean water resources, and it is the foundation that drives nearly every aspect of our economy and well-being. When we set out to launch Save Wild Trout it was abundantly clear that our mission was simple: To protect wild trout now and for future generations. The values and connection to our waters and lands provided to me through fly fishing, hunting, and the outdoors is an opportunity I want my kids to have and enjoy.
Conservation, hunters, and anglers go together like a hand in a glove. Much of the work to protect and conserve our lands, waters, and wildlife was and continues to be borne out of the hunting and angling communities. The next generation must carry the conservation mantle forward, and there are few better ways than getting them out hunting on public lands or in a boat fishing public water. It’s the values that were passed down to me from my father and something I’ll pass on to my son. How we respond to this crisis and address the new reality of climate change in our fisheries management paradigms can be and should be a success story for future conservationists.
Do you know someone “In the Arena” who should be featured here? Email us at info@trcp.org
The TRCP is your resource for all things conservation. In our weekly Roosevelt Report, you’ll receive the latest news on emerging habitat threats, legislation and proposals on the move, public land access solutions we’re spearheading, and opportunities for hunters and anglers to take action. Sign up now.
HOW YOU CAN HELP
CHEERS TO CONSERVATION
Theodore Roosevelt’s experiences hunting and fishing certainly fueled his passion for conservation, but it seems that a passion for coffee may have powered his mornings. In fact, Roosevelt’s son once said that his father’s coffee cup was “more in the nature of a bathtub.” TRCP has partnered with Afuera Coffee Co. to bring together his two loves: a strong morning brew and a dedication to conservation. With your purchase, you’ll not only enjoy waking up to the rich aroma of this bolder roast—you’ll be supporting the important work of preserving hunting and fishing opportunities for all.
$4 from each bag is donated to the TRCP, to help continue their efforts of safeguarding critical habitats, productive hunting grounds, and favorite fishing holes for future generations.
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