Theodore Roosevelt, the energetic, perpetual-motion machine, once was characterized as “pure act” and was described by his daughter Alice as “always wanting to be the bride at every wedding and corpse at every funeral.” There’s no doubt the man craved attention but not so much so that he was loathe to ask for help, especially when it came to the conservation agenda he set for himself. Luckily for Roosevelt, he had Iowa Congressman John F. Lacey at his side.
T.R.’s association with Lacey began years before his rise to the presidency. Lacey was a member of the Boone & Crockett Club, founded by T.R. and George Bird Grinnell in 1887. In 1894, after years of working to protect Yellowstone National Park’s wildlife, a bison poaching incident in the park created a public outcry. Within a week, Lacey introduced a bill in the U.S. House of Representatives to give the Department of the Interior authority to arrest and prosecute lawbreakers in the park and protect Yellowstone’s wildlife. In matter of days, the legislation passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Cleveland.
In 1900 after much consideration, debate and delay, the Lacey Act was passed. The act outlawed market hunting and the interstate shipments of plants, wildlife and wildlife parts, particularly those that were illegally taken, possessed, transported or sold. If the Lacey Act and corresponding state laws had not been enacted, numerous fish and wildlife species would have faced extinction.
Not until 1906, when Roosevelt was president and busy establishing America’s great public lands, was he met with heavy resistance from special interest groups and Congress itself. Lacey and Edgar Lee Hewett stepped up to the plate and authored what would become known as the Antiquities Act. Essentially, the act gave Roosevelt the power to conserve lands without congressional approval. Roosevelt relished that authority and, thankfully for future generations, set aside iconic landscapes such as the Grand Canyon, which at the time was being eyed by mining and other natural resource extraction interests that hoped to exploit the “Big Ditch.”
Lacey lost his congressional seat in the fall elections that year after serving eight terms. Following Lacey’s loss, T.R. offered him a seat in his cabinet or an ambassadorship. Lacey passed on Roosevelt’s offer and returned to Iowa to practice law, a path he pursued until his death in 1913.
Unlike Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Lacey never seemed to care about the limelight. As a result, he probably would have ended up in the dust bin of history, were it not for his connection to the Lacey Act.